TABLE 2.3.1-1: SUMMARY OF CAYUGA LAKE'S MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS
|
CHARACTERISTIC |
VALUE |
|
Length |
61.4 km (38.1 mi) |
|
Mean Width |
2.8 km (1.75 mi) |
|
Maximum Width |
5.6 km (3.5 mi) |
|
Mean Depth |
54.5 m (179 ft) |
|
Maximum Depth |
132.6 m (435 ft) |
|
Surface Area |
172.1 km2 (66.4 mi2) |
|
Volume |
9,380 x 106 m3 (331,080 x 106 cu ft) |
|
Thermal Regime |
Warm Monomictic |
|
Shoreline Length |
153.4 km (95.3 mi) |
|
Drainage Area |
4,051 km2 (1,563 mi2) (including Seneca Lake, Keuka Lake) |
|
1,860 km2 (744 mi2) (direct drainage) |
TABLE 2.3.1-2: CLASSIFICATION AND DESIGNATED BEST USE OF CAYUGA LAKE (REFERENCE 6 NYCRR 898.4)
|
CLASS |
BEST USAGE |
|
AA |
Source of water supply for drinking, culinary or food processing purposes, and any other usages. The waters, if subjected to approved disinfection treatment with additional treatment if necessary to remove naturally present impurities, will meet NYSDOH drinking water standards and will be considered safe and satisfactory for drinking water purposes. |
|
A |
Source of water supply for drinking, culinary or food processing purposes, and any other usages. The waters, if subjected to approved treatment equal to coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection, with additional treatment if necessary to remove naturally present impurities, will meet NYSDOH drinking water standards and will be considered safe and satisfactory for drinking water purposes. |
|
B |
Primary contact recreation and any other use except as a source of water supply for drinking, culinary or food processing purposes. |
TABLE 2.3.1-3: INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER DISCHARGES TO CAYUGA LAKE
|
SPDES PERMITTED DISCHARGE |
TYPE |
DISCHARGE POINT AND CLASSIFICATION |
PERMITTED DISCHARGE (MGD) |
| NYSEG-Milliken Station | Utility Non-Contact Cooling Water | Lake (AA) | 218 |
| Cargill Salt | Industrial | Lake (AA) | 0.056 |
| Ithaca Area Wastewater Treatment Plant | Municipal | Lake (A) | 10 * |
| Village of Cayuga Heights | Municipal | Lake (A) | 2 |
| Village of Union Springs | Municipal | Lake (A) | 0.33 |
*New York State Department of Environmental Conservation has granted conditional approval for a permitted discharge of 13 mgd at this facility.
TABLE 2.3.1-4: LAND USE WITHIN THE CAYUGA LAKE WATERSHED,* 1971 AND CURRENT CONDITIONS
|
CAYUGA LAKE WATERSHED |
RESIDENTIAL |
COMMERCIAL/ INDUSTRIAL/ VACANT |
FOREST/ RECREATIONAL/ WETLAND |
AGRICULTURAL |
EDUCATIONAL/ INSTITUTIONAL |
| Mid-1980s to present | 20% | 1.9% | 11.8% | 63.5% | 2.7% |
| 1971 (Child et al.) | 2% | 0.5% | 31.8% (No Wetland) | 63.9% | 1.1% (Public Transportation) |
* Direct drainage, excludes Seneca Lake, Keuka Lake
TABLE 2.3.1-5: WATERSHED AREA OF MAJOR CAYUGA LAKE TRIBUTARIES
|
TRIBUTARY |
DRAINAGE AREA |
PERCENT OF DIRECT WATERSHED (EXCLUDING SENECA RIVER) |
PERCENT OF TOTAL WATERSHED (INCLUDING SENECA RIVER) | |
|
HA |
SQUARE MILES | |||
| Seneca River |
201,800 |
799 |
- |
49.8 |
| Cayuga Inlet (Including Cascadilla, Buttermilk, Enfield, and Six Mile Creeks) |
40,979 |
158 |
22 |
10.1 |
| Fall Creek |
33,111 |
128 |
17.8 |
8.2 |
| Salmon Creek |
23,165 |
89 |
12.5 |
5.7 |
| Taughannock Creek |
17,224 |
67 |
9.3 |
4.3 |
| Yawger Creek |
6,474 |
25 |
3.5 |
1.6 |
| Great Gully |
4,064 |
16 |
2.2 |
1 |
| Paines Brook |
3,942 |
15 |
2.1 |
1 |
| Trumansburg Creek |
3,572 |
14 |
1.9 |
0.9 |
| Sheldrake Creek |
2,142 |
8 |
1.2 |
0.5 |
| Gulf Creek |
1,608 |
6 |
0.9 |
0.4 |
Source: Likens 1974
TABLE 2.3.1-6: SUMMARY OF MONTHLY HISTORICAL AVERAGE TRIBUTARY FLOWS, SOUTHERN CAYUGA LAKE BASIN
|
MONTH |
CAYUGA INLET* |
FALL CREEK | ||||||||||||||
|
AVERAGE |
LOWEST MONTHLY AVERAGE |
HIGHEST MONTHLY AVERAGE |
AVERAGE |
LOWEST MONTHLY AVERAGE |
HIGHEST MONTHLY AVERAGE | |||||||||||
|
CFS |
M3/S |
CFS |
M3/S |
YEAR |
CFS |
M3/S |
YEAR |
CFS |
M3/S |
CFS |
M3/S |
YEAR |
CFS |
M3/S |
YEAR | |
| January |
34 |
0.96 |
6.3 |
0.18 |
1961 |
93 |
2.6 |
1978 |
184 |
5.2 |
38 |
1.1 |
1961 |
417 |
11.8 |
1978 |
| February |
47 |
1.3 |
12 |
0.34 |
1980 |
113 |
3.2 |
1976 |
219 |
6.2 |
44 |
1.2 |
1934 |
595 |
16.8 |
1981 |
| March |
90 |
2.5 |
25 |
0.71 |
1965 |
182 |
5.2 |
1945 |
420 |
11.9 |
160 |
4.5 |
1965 |
1,037 |
29.3 |
1936 |
| April |
83 |
2.4 |
22 |
0.62 |
1946 |
248 |
7.0 |
1958 |
402 |
11.4 |
100 |
2.8 |
1946 |
1,021 |
28.9 |
1940 |
| May |
51 |
1.4 |
17 |
0.48 |
1955 |
132 |
3.7 |
1984 |
212 |
6.0 |
62 |
1.8 |
1934 |
529 |
15.0 |
1943 |
| June |
27 |
0.76 |
5.5 |
0.16 |
1955 |
163 |
4.6 |
1972 |
118 |
3.3 |
31 |
0.88 |
1991 |
615 |
17.4 |
1972 |
| July |
14 |
0.40 |
3.8 |
0.11 |
1955 |
57 |
1.6 |
1972 |
70 |
2.0 |
15 |
0.42 |
1962 |
608 |
17.2 |
1935 |
| August |
10 |
0.28 |
3.2 |
0.091 |
1966 |
66 |
1.9 |
1942 |
47 |
1.3 |
8.9 |
0.25 |
1965 |
134 |
3.8 |
1961 |
| September |
11 |
0.31 |
3 |
0.085 |
1964 |
61 |
1.7 |
1975 |
64 |
1.8 |
7.1 |
0.20 |
1964 |
561 |
15.9 |
1977 |
| October |
21 |
0.59 |
3.8 |
0.11 |
1965 |
106 |
3.0 |
1956 |
105 |
3.0 |
9.6 |
0.27 |
1965 |
594 |
16.8 |
1982 |
| November |
30 |
0.85 |
4.6 |
0.13 |
1965 |
94 |
2.7 |
1978 |
173 |
4.9 |
17 |
0.48 |
1965 |
497 |
14.1 |
1928 |
| December |
39 |
1.1 |
6.1 |
0.17 |
1961 |
118 |
3.3 |
1973 |
206 |
5.8 |
32 |
0.91 |
1961 |
540 |
15.3 |
1973 |
|
ANNUAL AVERAGES |
38 |
1.1 |
15 |
0.42 |
62 |
1.8 |
185 |
5.2 |
84 |
2.4 |
271 |
7.7 |
||||
* Reported Cayuga Inlet flows are from a U.S.G.S. gauging station upstream of the mouth. They reflect drainage from only approximately one-third of the stream's watershed area. Period of record for analyses: Cayuga Inlet, 1937 - 1993; Fall Creek, 1925 - 1993.
TABLE 2.3.1-7: MEANS, MEDIANS, AND RANGES FOR WATER CHEMISTRY FIELD DATA COLLECTED DURING THE LSC FIELD INVESTIGATIONS, 1994-1996
|
1994 |
OUTFALL REGION (P2:2M DEPTH1) |
INTAKE REGION (P4:60M DEPTH) | ||||||||
|
N |
MEAN |
S.E. OF MEAN |
MEDIAN |
RANGE |
N |
MEAN |
S.E. OF MEAN |
MEDIAN |
RANGE | |
| Ammonia (mg/l) | 22 | 0.039 | 0.01 | <0.03 | <0.03:0.16 | 11 | <0.03 | 0.00 | <0.03 | * |
| BOD5 (mg/l) | 14 | 2.7 | 0.60 | <2.0 | <2.0:8.5 | 7 | 2.4 | 0.77 | <2.0 | <2.0:6.9 |
| Chloride (mg/l) | 14 | 38.1 | 1.1 | 40.0 | 30.0:40.0 | 7 | 40.3 | 1.0 | 41 | 37:44 |
| Chlorophyll a (µg/l)(µg/l) | 22 | 8.5 | 1.6 | 6.3 | <0.1:25.0 | 8 | <1.0 | 0.00 | <1.0 | * |
| Nitrate (mg/l) | 22 | 1.1 | 0.03 | 1.1 | 0.74:1.3 | 11 | 1.3 | 0.03 | 1.3 | 1.2:1.5 |
| Silica (mg/l) | 22 | 1.1 | 0.17 | 1.0 | <0.10:2.7 | 11 | 1.7 | 0.05 | 1.7 | 1.5:2.1 |
| TSS (mg/l) | 14 | 6.6 | 1.5 | <4.0 | <4.0:18 | 7 | 3.6 | 1.2 | <4.0 | <4.0:10.0 |
| TOC (mg/l) | 14 | 3.2 | 0.71 | 2.5 | <1.0:9.0 | 7 | 4.6 | 1.4 | 4 | <1.0:12.0 |
| Turbidity (NTU) | 16 | 5.6 | 0.95 | 4.6 | 1.3:14.0 | 8 | 1.7 | 0.18 | 1.8 | 1.1:2.4 |
| TP (µg/l) | 22 | 28.0 | 4.5 | 21.5 | <10.0:73 | 11 | 16.8 | 1.7 | 18 | <10:25 |
| Temperature (°C) | 20 | 17.5 | 1.0 | 18.6 | 5.2:22.4 | 20 | 4.7 | 0.17 | 4.4 | 4.2:7.5 |
| pH (standard units) | 19 | 8.4 | 0.04 | 8.4 | 8.1:8.7 | 19 | 7.9 | 0.03 | 7.9 | 7.8:8.2 |
| Sp Cond (µmhos/cm) | 20 | 403 | 7.1 | 399 | 356:456 | 20 | 419 | 4.8 | 423 | 385:463 |
| DO (mg/l) | 20 | 10.0 | 0.22 | 10.1 | 8.4:12.0 | 20 | 11.2 | 0.13 | 11.2 | 10.0:12.7 |
|
1995 |
OUTFALL REGION (P2:2M DEPTH) |
INTAKE REGION (S11:70M DEPTH) | ||||||||
|
N |
MEAN |
S.E. OF MEAN |
MEDIAN |
RANGE |
N |
MEAN |
S.E. OF MEAN |
MEDIAN |
RANGE | |
| Chlorophyll a (µg/l)(µg/l) | 11 | 7.6 | 1.1 | 8.0 | <1.0:19 | Not Sampled | ||||
| Silica (mg/l) | 11 | 1.6 | 0.65 | 0.90 | <0.10:7.8 | 12 | 2.2 | 0.17 | 2.1 | 1.7:4.0 |
| SRP (µg/l) | 10 | 4.5 | 1.2 | 3.5 | <2.0:14.0 | 11 | 8.7 | 0.99 | 7.0 | 5.0:15.0 |
| TP (µg/l) | 11 | 26.6 | 3.3 | 25.0 | 14.0:49.0 | 12 | 17.2 | 0.98 | 16.0 | 12.0:28.0 |
| TSS (mg/l) | 11 | 6.2 | 0.82 | 6.0 | <4.0:11.0 | 12 | 3.1 | 1.2 | 1.5 | <1.0:15.0 |
| Turbidity (NTU) | 11 | 5.3 | 1.9 | 3.5 | <1.0:23.0 | 12 | 1.5 | 0.23 | 1.7 | <1.0:2.6 |
| Temperature (°C) | 11 | 17.4 | 1.9 | 18.7 | 6.0:24.8 | 12 | 4.7 | 0.10 | 4.8 | 4.0:5.3 |
| pH (standard units) | 11 | 8.4 | 0.71 | 8.4 | 7.8:8.6 | 12 | 7.8 | 0.51 | 7.8 | 7.6:8.2 |
| Sp Cond (µmhos/cm) | 11 | 422.1 | 5.6 | 427 | 378:440 | 12 | 428 | 3.2 | 428 | 406:453 |
| DO (mg/l) | 11 | 11.4 | 0.92 | 10.6 | 8.2:16.3 | 12 | 12.2 | 0.50 | 11.6 | 10.3:15.6 |
|
1996 |
OUTFALL REGION (P2:2M DEPTH) |
INTAKE REGION (S11:70M DEPTH) | ||||||||
|
N |
MEAN |
S.E. OF MEAN |
MEDIAN |
RANGE |
N |
MEAN |
S.E. OF MEAN |
MEDIAN |
RANGE | |
| Chlorophyll a (µg/l)(µg/l) | 11 | 6.5 | 1.9 | 4.3 | <0.50:20 | Not Sampled | ||||
| SRP (µg/l) | 11 | 4.9 | 2.5 | 3.6 | 0.0:29.3 | 11 | 8.5 | 1.2 | 8.0 | 3.3:15.6 |
| TP (µg/l) | 11 | 27.2 | 3.6 | 26.7 | 12.6:49.9 | 11 | 16.2 | 1.4 | 15.8 | 10.9:28.7 |
| TSS (mg/l) | 11 | 4.4 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 1.0:22.0 | 11 | 1.6 | 0.28 | 1.7 | <1.0:3.0 |
| Turbidity (NTU) | 11 | 4.8 | 1.7 | 3.0 | 0.73:21.0 | 11 | 3.4 | 0.68 | 2.5 | <1.0:7.6 |
| Temperature (°C) | 11 | 16.7 | 1.6 | 18.6 | 8.5:23.8 | 11 | 3.9 | 0.08 | 4.0 | 3.2:4.1 |
| pH (standard units) | 11 | 8.2 | 0.82 | 8.3 | 7.7:8.6 | 11 | 7.7 | 0.03 | 7.7 | 7.6:7.9 |
| Sp Cond (µmhos/cm) | 11 | 397 | 4.8 | 403 | 350:407 | 11 | 409 | 1.8 | 406 | 404:423 |
| DO (mg/l) | 11 | 9.9 | 0.55 | 9.8 | 6.2:13.1 | 11 | 11.9 | 0.22 | 11.9 | 10.4:12.8 |
1 1994 P2 statistical summaries for chemical parameters excluding chlorophyll a and field parameters are averages of 0m and 4m data.
2 Chlorophyll a is a composite sample from 0-4m at P2 and 0-10m at P4 and S11.
N Number of samples in calculation.
* All observations below the laboratory limit of detection. Calculations use one-half the laboratory limit of detection when observations are below that limit.
TABLE 2.3.1-8: SUMMARY OF SUMMER AVERAGE TROPHIC STATE DATA, CAYUGA LAKE, NEW YORK
|
|
TOTAL P (µg/l) |
CHLOROPHYLL a (µg/l) |
SECCHI DISK TRANSPARENCY (m) |
|
Oligotrophic Range(1) |
<10 |
<2 |
>5 |
|
Mesotrophic Range |
10-20 |
2-8 |
2-5 |
|
Eutrophic Range |
>20 |
>8 |
<2 |
|
Cayuga Lake, 1994(2) |
22.4 |
4.1 |
2.1 |
|
Cayuga Lake, 1995 |
16.3 |
4.8 |
2.2 |
|
Cayuga Lake, 1996 |
13.2 |
3.4 |
2.5 |
|
Cayuga Lake, Average 1994-1996 |
17.3 |
4.1 |
2.2 |
(1) Source: Carlson 1977
(2) All parameters are upper waters (0-10 m). Cayuga Lake data collected at Station P4 (mid-southern lake basin, depth 62 m) in 1994; Station S-11 (mid-southern lake basin, depth 70 m) in 1995 and 1996.
Calculations use a replacement value of one-half the laboratory limit of detection when observations are below that limit.
